The operating principle of an elevator is as follows: When the elevator is stationary, no current flows through the coils of the traction motor and the electromagnetic elevator brake. At this time, because there is no attraction between the electromagnet cores, the brake shoes, under the pressure of the brake spring, hold the brake wheel tightly, ensuring the motor does not rotate. The instant the traction motor is energized and rotates, current simultaneously flows through the coil of the brake electromagnet, the electromagnet core quickly magnetizes and engages, driving the brake arm to exert force on its brake spring. The brake shoes open, completely disengaging from the brake wheel, allowing the elevator to move. When the elevator car reaches the desired stop, the traction motor and the coil of the brake electromagnet are simultaneously de-energized. The magnetic force in the electromagnet core quickly disappears, and the core, under the action of the brake spring, resets through the brake arm, causing the brake shoes to hold the brake wheel again, stopping the elevator.
A bidirectional thrust elevator brake generates bidirectional electromagnetic thrust when energized, disengaging the braking mechanism from the rotating parts of the motor. When power is de-energized, the electromagnetic force disappears, and under the pressure of an external brake spring, a friction brake is formed, achieving de-energized braking. It is mainly used in conjunction with the drive motor of the escalator traction machine to form an electromagnetic braking three-phase asynchronous motor for escalators, widely applicable in situations requiring smooth stopping, rapid starting, and safe braking during power outages.
The working principle of an elevator:
An elevator is a mechatronic product. Its mechanical parts are like the human body, its electrical parts are like the nervous system, and its control system is like the brain. These parts work closely together through the control system to ensure reliable operation.
Although there are many types of elevators, the vast majority of elevators currently in use are electrically driven, wire rope traction structures.
From a spatial perspective, an elevator consists of four parts: the machine room and shaft attached to the building; the space for transporting passengers or goods-the car; and the points where passengers or goods enter and exit the car-the floors. That is, machine room, shaft, car, and floors.
From a functional perspective, elevator components can be divided into eight parts: traction system, guiding system, car, door system, weight balancing system, electric drive system, electrical control system, and safety protection system.
